Ad Hominem
Spot ad hominem attacks and separate personal insults from relevant criticism.
Spot ad hominem attacks and separate personal insults from relevant criticism.
Spot anchoring bias in a price, estimate, or negotiation and plan a stronger counter.
Analyze a speech or essay for ethos, pathos, and logos, then sharpen its argument.
Map an essay’s claims, reasons, and objections to see how its argument holds together.
Test everyday arguments for fallacies and build stronger claims with sound reasons.
Find hidden assumptions in an argument and see how they affect its conclusion.
Check whether a vivid recent example is skewing your risk judgment or decision.
Build a debate case with claims, supporting reasoning, and ready answers to opposition.
Spot circular reasoning in an argument and find what evidence it still needs.
Evaluate an argument’s premises and evidence, then state what its conclusion can support.
Spot confirmation bias in a claim by checking what supports it and what could disprove it.
Build a strong counterargument to a claim for an essay, debate, or discussion.
Compare critical thinking courses or build a syllabus with concrete learning outcomes.
Prepare cross-examination questions that test a witness’s account and expose contradictions.
Compare debate formats and plan arguments for the rules you’ll face.
Map a difficult choice into branches, outcomes, and decision points you can compare.
Assess source credibility and weigh evidence for an essay, report, or decision.
Calculate expected value to compare uncertain choices using outcomes and their probabilities.
Spot false dilemmas in arguments and explain what alternatives they leave out.
Build a persuasive frame for a speech, campaign message, or difficult argument.